Logistics, Trade Administration and Supply Chain

This article first appeared in the Business Times on 2 March 2020. Outbound freight rates are skyrocketing on the back of weeks-long labour shortage and disruptions to logistics links that continue to dog operations in China, although there is still international air and ocean capacity, albeit much reduced from before, according to industry players. This is set to catch on in airfreight sectors elsewhere too as the coronavirus spreads through Europe and potentially Latin America and the African subcontinent, warned Raymon Krishnan, president of The Logistics and Supply Chain Management Society. Reduced airfreight capacities have resulted in rates “going through the roof” with rates doubling or tripling for flights leaving China, said Dr Krishnan. “I also just heard that some are paying up to six times the regular rates.” The situation is also worsened by the cancellation of thousands of passenger flights to and from mainland China, resulting in the reduction in belly capacity for ca...

How do you solve a problem like Maria (or Mike) the millennial? There’s no need to elaborate here on the well-publicized complaints about employees from Generation Y, the term commonly used to refer to those born between 1984 and 1996. A quick explore on Google will uncover a treasure trove of generation-gap-inspired bellyaching. Generation Z (born after 1997), just beginning to enter the workforce, is now facing its own list of complaints. More worthy of discussion is what are the potential consequences of failing to solve the problems associated with hiring, training and retaining Gen Xers and Zers, and how we actually go about fixing those problems, especially in the logistics industry. Overall unemployment in the U.S. currently stands at 3.9 percent, and the Bureau of Labor Statistics typically records an even lower rate in the transportation and warehousing sector. Every day brings more news of the truck driver shortage, as well as short-handedness in the warehouse. Worse, ther...

Analyst Insight: Global trade compliance remains a topic that most C-level executives successfully ignore. This should not be regarded as an accomplishment but as a serious corporate deficiency that will affect a company's bottom line and its ability to compete on a global basis. Ignorance of global trade compliance is no longer an option. – Beth Pride, president, BPE Global Profit & loss statements still ignore the intricacies and costs of crossing borders. True product landed cost remains buried and unexplored in most companies. The decision to market and sell products in a new country or region seldom considers how challenging it is to accurately clear goods from an export and import perspective. Now the U.S. election has brought this issue front and center. As president-elect, Donald J. Trump announced a goal to impose a 45-percent tariff on Chinese imports. At the very least, C-level executives should look at their current costs for goods sourced from China and es...

To date, pipeline transportation offers a very limited range of services and capabilities. The most economically feasible products to move by pipeline are crude oil and refine petroleum products. However, there are some experimentation with moving solid products suspended in liquid referred to as slurry or containing the solid products in cylinders that in turn move in a liquid within the pipe. If these innovations prove to be economical, pipeline service could be greatly expanded. Early experience with coal suspended in liquid has not been favourable because pipes have eroded. Product movement by pipeline is very slow, only about three to four miles per hour. This slowness is tempered by the fact that products move 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. This makes the effective speed much greater when compared with other modes. Pipelines capacity is high, considering that a 3 mph flow in a 12 inch diameter pipe can move 89,000 gallons per hour. Concerning transit time, pipeline service...

Water transportation service is limited in scope for several reasons. Domestic water service is confined to the inland waterway system, which requires shippers to be located on the waterways or to use another transportation mode in combination with the water. In addition, water service on the average is slower than rail. Availability or dependability of water service are greatly influenced by the weather. Movement on the waterways during the winter is impossible and floods and droughts may also interrupt service at other times as well. There is tremendous capacity available in water carriers with barge tows up to 40,000 tons and there are individual barges with standardized dimensions of 26 by 175 feet and 35 by 195 feet. Capability and handling are being increased as barged carrying ships are being developed and such improvements as satellite navigation with radar, refined depth finders and auto piloting mean  around the clock service. Water services are provided in all leg...

Air transportation is being considered by increasing numbers of shippers for regular service, even though air freight rates exceed those of trucking by more than two times and those of rail by more than 16 times. The appeal for air transportation is its unmatched origin to destination speed, especially over long distances. Air service dependability and availability can be rated as good under normal operating conditions. Delivery time variability is low in absolute magnitude, even though air service is quite sensitive to mechanical breakdown, whether conditions and traffic congestions. Variability when compare with average delivery times, can rank air as one of the least reliable modes. The capability of air has been greatly constrained by the physical dimensions of the cargo space in the aircraft and the aircraft's lifting capacity. This is becoming less of a constraint, however, as larger aircraft are put into service. For example, jumbo airplanes such as Boeing 747 and L...

Trucking moves freight with smaller average shipment size than rail. More than half of the shipments by truck are less than 10,000 pounds or LTL volume. The inherent advantages of trucking are its door-to-door [DTD] service, involving no loading or unloading between origin and destination as is often true of rail and air modes; its frequency and availability of service and its DTD speed and convenience. Truck and rail services show some distinct differences, even though they compete for many of the same product shipments. First, in addition to the common and private legal classification of carriers, trucking offers services as contract carrier as well. Contract carriers do not hire themselves out to service all shippers as do common carriers. Shippers enter into a contractual agreement to obtain service that better meets their particular needs and requirements without incurring the capital expense and administrative problems associated with private ownership of a trucking fleet. ...

The railroad is a long hauler and slow mover of raw materials [coal,lumber and chemicals] and of low-valued  manufactured products [food, paper and wood products] and prefers to move shipment sizes of at least a full carload. This relatively slow speed and short car distance travelled in a day reflect the fact that the majority of freight car time is spent on loading and unloading operations, moving from one place to another within terminals, classifying and assembling cars into trains or standing idle during seasonal slump in car demand. Rail service exist in two legal forms, common carrier or privately owned. A common carrier sells its transportation service to all shippers and it is guided by the economic and safety regulations of the appropriate government agencies. In contrast, private carriers are shipper owned with the usual intent of serving only the owner. Because of the limited scope of the private carrier's operations, no economic regulations are needed. Nearly all ...

Has the global economy turned the corner? Data presented in Ti's latest   Global Logistics Monitor suggests it might have. Manufacturing activity appears to be picking up throughout Asia, Germany and the US and even demand for airfreight may finally be improving. Still, it is too early to tell, particularly as it is always difficult to compare year-over-year data for the months of January and February because of the lunar Chinese New Year holiday. However, while China's manufacturing activity stumbled a bit for February, as noted by the China Customs Administration, its exports for the first two months of 2013 grew 24%, while imports grew 5%.  The EU, US and the ASEAN countries were China's top trading partners. Exports to the EU increased nearly 3.2%, while exports to the US and the ASEAN countries grew by 14.8% and 22% respectively. Most notably, exports of high-tech products grew 26.2% year-on-year. Even in the midst of Europe's economic squalor, Germany ap...

Last year proved tough for transporters on the world’s busiest trade routes between Asia and Europe. Both the sea and air markets suffered from weak demand and overcapacity as new orders of airplanes and ships continued to come on line. The container shipping market was down around three percent worldwide by volume in 2012 compared to the previous year, says Denis Sanguinetti, sea-freight procurement manager at Bolloré Logistics. Routes between Asia and Western Europe suffered the biggest drop of between seven and eight percent, he adds. Similarly, the volume of goods transported by air fell by around 2.5 percent worldwide, says Georges Van Hove, manager of airfreight procurement at Bolloré Logistics. “The air-freight market will remain weak as long as the global economic recovery is uncertain and capacity stays high,” he warns. In particular, the sea container market looks set to continue its record level of volatility as shipping companies seek to balance supply and demand. ...

The pace of change in manufacturing, distribution and retailing has been increasing rapidly in order to support international expansion, while in the face of a wide variety of external challenges. Uncertain economic conditions are presenting CIOs with an almost impossible task: How to transform IT in order to meet the business’s constantly changing and evolving needs while staying within budget, ensuring projects are delivered successfully, and proving new systems have a lower TCO for the ongoing business. This challenge is made more complicated because so many companies are tied into big investments in legacy systems. These behemoths resist change and are so ingrained in the business that the prospect of modernising or replacing them can be daunting from an implementation effort standpoint and challenging from a cost justification perspective. There are however a number of compelling reasons why a business should consider upgrading its legacy systems. The first is the increasing cost...

Documents play a key role in international transactions. Both buyers and sellers need documents for bookkeeping, accounting, taxation, export and import formalities, as well as making payments using letters of credit and other documentary payment methods. This segment will give some examples of the most commonly used documents in the international trade. It is not an exhaustive listing. Specialized trades, special circumstances and different countries of origin and destination may require additional documentation. Transaction Documents The key transaction document is the invoice or commercial invoice. This document is used by all parties to the transaction for accounting and bookkeeping purposes. It is also required for export and import formalities as well as most banking and payment procedures. Export Documents These are documents required by the customs or national export authority of the country of export and vary greatly from country to country. Included are licenses,...

Container integrity must be maintained to protect against the introduction of unauthorized materials and/or persons. At the point of staffing, procedures must be in place to properly seal and maintain the integrity of the shipping containers. A high security seal must be affixed to all loaded containers bound for the United States. All seals must meet or exceed the current PAS ISO 17712 standards for high security seals. Container Inspections Procedures must be in place to verify the physical integrity of the container structure prior to stuffing, to include the reliability of the locking mechanism of the doors. A 7-point checklist or inspection process is recommended for all containers based on the following circumstances: Front Wall Left Side Right Side Floor Ceiling/Roof Inside/Outside Doors Outside/Undercarriage Container Seals Written procedures must also elaborate how seals are to be controlled and affixed to the laden containers, to include procedures for...

Sourcing is the location, acquisition and management of all the vital inputs required for an organization to operate. This includes raw materials, component parts, products, spares, labour in all forms, locations and services. Sourcing is therefore a key function of any business enterprise or organization and while successful sourcing does not necessarily translate to a successful business, unsuccessful sourcing almost always translates into a failed enterprise. A key to understand sourcing is that whether it is: a product or service; purchased in small lots or large quantities; pick up by a staff member from a local store during lunch hour or send along a 10,000 mile supply chain; acquire domestically or from a foreign supplier, it is sourcing. What is Sourced? If an organization spends money on it, it is sourcing. What is sourced includes, raw materials, component parts, intermediate products, supplies, tools, machinery, equipment, motor vehicles, energy, productio...

The definition of supply chain management (SCM) presented previously suggested a number of key factors and related characteristics that are the key to successful implementation.. Those key factors are inventory, cost, information, customer service and collaborative relationships. Each of these deserves some special consideration. Inventory Managing the flow and level of inventory is a central focus of SCM and a major performance metrric to gauge success. In simplistic terms, the inventory level must be sufficient to provide acceptable customer service but low enough to minimize SCM costs. To maintain the balance between supply of and demand for inventory stock, the supply chain requires integrated management to avoid duplication among members of the supply chain. Inventory visibility as it move through the supply chain is necessary to reduce or eliminate uncertainty, which eliminates safety stocks. This includes visibility of invotry being held in warehouses and other storage ...