Logistics, Trade Administration and Supply Chain

C-TPAT qualifications for air carriers: Active air carrier transporting cargo shipments to the US; Have an active Airline Code registered with CBP; Possess a valid continuous international carrier bond registered with the CBP; Have designated company official that will be the primary cargo security officer responsible for the C-TPAT program; Commit to maintaining C-TPAT security guidelines for air carriers; Create and provide CBP with a C-TPAT supply chain security profile, which identifies how the air carrier will meet, maintain and enhance internal policy to meet the C-TPAT security guidelines for air carriers. Security Guidelines for Air Carriers Air Carriers must conduct a comprehensive assessment of their international supply chain based on the C-TPAT security guidelines. Where an air cargo outsource or contracts elements of their supply chain such as conveyance, foreign facility, domestic warehouses or any other elements, the air carrier must work with these busi

Rail carrier must have written and verifiable processes for the screening of new business partners, including the carrier's agents, sub-contracted rail carriers, service providers as well as screening procedures for new customers, beyond financial soundness issues to include security indicators. These processes apply to business partners and service providers not eligible for C-TPAT membership. Security Procedures Written procedures must be in place to address specific factors or practices, the presence of which would trigger additional scrutiny by the rail carrier. The US CBP will work in partnership with the rail carriers to identify specific information regarding what factors, practices, circumstances or risks are relevant. For business partners eligible for C-TPAT endorsement (importers, ports, terminals, brokers, consolidators, etc), the rail carrier must have documentations like C-TPAT certificate, SVI number, etc indicating whether these business partners are or are

Rail carriers must carry out a comprehensive assessment of their security practices based on the C-TPAT minimum security criteria. Recognizing that rail carriers do not control their shippers and have a common carrier obligation to transport goods tendered to them, rail carriers shall work with their shippers on their security practices as set forth in these criteria. These minimum security criteria are fundamentally designed to be the building blocks for rail carriers to institute effective security practices designed to optimize supply chain performance to mitigate the risk of loss, theft and contraband smuggling that could potentially introduce terrorists and implements of terrorism into the global supply chain sector. Rail carriers should periodically assess their degree of vulnerability to risk and should prescribe security measures to strength or adjust their security posture to prevent security breaches and internal conspiracies. The determination and scope of criminal el

Sea carriers must have written and verifiable procedures for the screening of carrier's agents and other service providers contracted to provide transportation services for the carrier. Sea carriers also must have screening procedures for new customers, beyond financial soundness issues to include indicators of whether the customer appears to be a legitimate business and/or posses a security risk. Sea carriers shall also have procedures to review their customer's requests that could affect the safety of the vessel or the cargo or otherwise raise significant security questions, including unusual customer demands, such as specific stowage placement onboard the vessel (beyond a request for below deck or on deck stowage). Security procedures Sea carriers must have written or web-based procedures for screening of new customers to whom they issue bills of lading, which identify specific factors or practices, the presence of which would trigger additional scrutiny by the sea

Sea carriers must conduct a comprehensive assessment of their security practices based on the C-TPAT minimum security criteria. Where a sea carrier does not control a specific element of the cargo transportation service it has contracted to provide, such as a marine terminal operator or a time chatered vessel with whom it has contracted, the sea carrier must work with these business partners to seek to ensure that pertinent security measures are in place and adhered to. The sea carrier is responsible for exercising prudent oversight for all cargo loaded on board its vessel, pursuant to the applicable laws and regulations and terms of this program. C-TPAT recognizes the complexity of the international supply chains and security practices and endorses the application and implementation of security measures based upon risk. Therefore, the program also allows for flexibility and the customization of security plans based on the member's business model or requirements. Security me

Container integrity must be maintained to protect against the introduction of unauthorized materials and/or persons. At the point of staffing, procedures must be in place to properly seal and maintain the integrity of the shipping containers. A high security seal must be affixed to all loaded containers bound for the United States. All seals must meet or exceed the current PAS ISO 17712 standards for high security seals. Container Inspections Procedures must be in place to verify the physical integrity of the container structure prior to stuffing, to include the reliability of the locking mechanism of the doors. A 7-point checklist or inspection process is recommended for all containers based on the following circumstances: Front Wall Left Side Right Side Floor Ceiling/Roof Inside/Outside Doors Outside/Undercarriage Container Seals Written procedures must also elaborate how seals are to be controlled and affixed to the laden containers, to include procedures for

In the last episode on March 2012 , we had given some brief introduction on what is C-TPAT and now, we are going to continue with the topic today which covers the requirements for importers. C-TPAT Security Criteria for Importers Importers must conduct a comprehensive assessment of their international supply chains based on the C-TPAT security criteria. Where an importer outsource or contracts elements of their supply chain, such as foreign facility, conveyance, domestic warehouse or other elements, the importer must work with those business partners in order to ensure that pertinent security measures are in place and adhered to throughout their supply chain. The supply chain for C-TPAT purposes is defined from the point of origin (manufacturer, supplier or vendor) through to point of distribution and recognizes the diverse business models C-TPAT members employ. C-TPAT recognizes the complexity of international supply chain and endorses the application and implementation of se

The contracting of management and/or execution of a business or operational function to an external third party contractor or sub-contractor. Outsourcing can refer to either a product or service but most commonly refers to services. Outsourcing has been a feature of the business world for hundreds of years and it is simply a typical modernised term for "contracting out". Note that the business or operational function can be outsourced to either a domestic or foreign third party contractor. The key factor here is that the service be performed by an external third party contractor, not simply by a department or division of the same company. Benefits of outsourcing: the acquisition of specialized services required on a limited or temporary basis; quick solution to a temporary overload work or task; ability to concentrate on the organization's focus on its core competencies; potential to save money. Almost any business or operational function can be outsourced,

Sourcing is the location, acquisition and management of all the vital inputs required for an organization to operate. This includes raw materials, component parts, products, spares, labour in all forms, locations and services. Sourcing is therefore a key function of any business enterprise or organization and while successful sourcing does not necessarily translate to a successful business, unsuccessful sourcing almost always translates into a failed enterprise. A key to understand sourcing is that whether it is: a product or service; purchased in small lots or large quantities; pick up by a staff member from a local store during lunch hour or send along a 10,000 mile supply chain; acquire domestically or from a foreign supplier, it is sourcing. What is Sourced? If an organization spends money on it, it is sourcing. What is sourced includes, raw materials, component parts, intermediate products, supplies, tools, machinery, equipment, motor vehicles, energy, productio

Order Fulfillment: Another activity area that logistics may control is order fulfillment, which generally consist of activities involved with receiving and completing customer orders. Initially, one might question why the logistics area would concern itself directly with order fulfillment. However, one important physical distribution factor is the time elapsing from the time when a customer decides to place an order for a product until the time those goods are actually delivered in a satisfactory condition, i.e. the lead time. Forecasting: Another activity essential to the logistics area is inventory forecasting. Accurate forecasting of inventory requirements and materials and parts is essential to effective inventory control. This is particularly true in companies using a just-in-time (JIT) or materials requirement planning (MRP) approach to control their inventory. Logistics personnel should develop forecasts in those situation to ensure accuracy and effective control. Too fre

Transportation: Transportation is a very essential part of the logistics system. A major focus in logistics is upon the physical movement or flow of goods or upon the network that moves the product. This network is composed of transportation agencies that provide the service for the firm. The logistics manager is responsible for selecting the mode or modes of transportation used in moving the raw materials and finished goods or for developing private transportation as an alternative. Storage: A second area, which has a trade-off relationship with transportation, is storage or in some circumstances called warehousing. It involves two separate but closely related activities i.e. inventory management and warehousing. A direct relationship exist between transportation and the level of inventory and the number of warehouses required. For instance, if firms use a relatively slow means of transport, they usually have to keep higher inventory levels and usually have more warehousing spa