Logistics, Trade Administration and Supply Chain

There are two types of MTOs which are as follows: Vessel Operating MTOs (VO-MTOs) Mainly because of containerization many shipowners have now extended their to services to also include carriage over land and even carriage by air. They used not to own or operate the transport of goods by road, rail or air but arrange for these types of transport by sub-contracting. They would usually sub-contract inland stevedoring and warehouse services. Non-Vessel Operating MTOs (NVO-MTOs) Other transport operators (than ocean carriers) may sub-contract the ocean voyage. They are known as "Non-Vessel Operating MTOs" or "Non-Vessel Operating Common Carriers" (NVOCCs). These types of MTO often own only one type of transport means e.g. trucks or in rarer case, airplanes and railways. Those who do not own any means of transport may include: Freight Forwarders Customs Brokers Warehouse Operator Stevedoring Companies These types of MTOs will have to sub-contract for all modes of transpor

Multimodal transport contract means a contract whereby an MTO undertakes, against payment of freight, to perform or to procure the performance of international MTO. Multimodal transport document (MTD) means a document which evidences an MT contract, taking in charge of the goods by the MTO and an undertaking by him to deliver the goods in accordance with the terms of the contract. MTO Criteria: a) Recognized Operator b) Contractual c) Freedom of Action d) Independent Status e) National Licence f) International Recognition g) Resources Scope of Services Some MTOs may own one or more means of transport, handling equipment, containers, etc particularly when there are ship operators, truck operators of railway or airlines. They may also own container depots and warehouses. But some may not own any of these and may therefore engage transport undertakings under contract to them. Some MTOs may also charter ships. The range of services which MTOs provide directly or through their sub-contracto

A global scenario is developing whereby: a) production, manufacturing, distribution and consumption is becoming increasingly sophisticated in order to ensure products are available in the global market place at the correct time, for the correct price and in good condition. b) transport services are changing in nature to meet the demands of buyers and sellers involved in the global production and consumption cycle. c) transportation services demanded by buyers and sellers increasingly involve collection of goods at a place in one country for delivery to a place in another country within specified time frames and with contractual agreement clearly setting out areas of responsibilities and liability. d) results of containerization. e) new technologies in transport (including communication systems). The name commonly applied to this all embracing transport service is Multimodal Transport. What is Multimodal Transport? The United Nations Convention on International Multimodal Transport of G